A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null

Filename: frontend/head.php

Line Number: 88

Backtrace:

File: /home/magnusgroups/public_html/catalysis-conferences.magnusgroup.org/application/views/frontend/head.php
Line: 88
Function: _error_handler

File: /home/magnusgroups/public_html/catalysis-conferences.magnusgroup.org/application/views/frontend/scientific-sessions.php
Line: 4
Function: view

File: /home/magnusgroups/public_html/catalysis-conferences.magnusgroup.org/application/controllers/frontend/ScientificSessions.php
Line: 162
Function: view

File: /home/magnusgroups/public_html/catalysis-conferences.magnusgroup.org/application/controllers/frontend/ScientificSessions.php
Line: 48
Function: index

File: /home/magnusgroups/public_html/catalysis-conferences.magnusgroup.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null

Filename: frontend/head.php

Line Number: 88

Backtrace:

File: /home/magnusgroups/public_html/catalysis-conferences.magnusgroup.org/application/views/frontend/head.php
Line: 88
Function: _error_handler

File: /home/magnusgroups/public_html/catalysis-conferences.magnusgroup.org/application/views/frontend/scientific-sessions.php
Line: 4
Function: view

File: /home/magnusgroups/public_html/catalysis-conferences.magnusgroup.org/application/controllers/frontend/ScientificSessions.php
Line: 162
Function: view

File: /home/magnusgroups/public_html/catalysis-conferences.magnusgroup.org/application/controllers/frontend/ScientificSessions.php
Line: 48
Function: index

File: /home/magnusgroups/public_html/catalysis-conferences.magnusgroup.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null

Filename: frontend/head.php

Line Number: 89

Backtrace:

File: /home/magnusgroups/public_html/catalysis-conferences.magnusgroup.org/application/views/frontend/head.php
Line: 89
Function: _error_handler

File: /home/magnusgroups/public_html/catalysis-conferences.magnusgroup.org/application/views/frontend/scientific-sessions.php
Line: 4
Function: view

File: /home/magnusgroups/public_html/catalysis-conferences.magnusgroup.org/application/controllers/frontend/ScientificSessions.php
Line: 162
Function: view

File: /home/magnusgroups/public_html/catalysis-conferences.magnusgroup.org/application/controllers/frontend/ScientificSessions.php
Line: 48
Function: index

File: /home/magnusgroups/public_html/catalysis-conferences.magnusgroup.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null

Filename: frontend/head.php

Line Number: 89

Backtrace:

File: /home/magnusgroups/public_html/catalysis-conferences.magnusgroup.org/application/views/frontend/head.php
Line: 89
Function: _error_handler

File: /home/magnusgroups/public_html/catalysis-conferences.magnusgroup.org/application/views/frontend/scientific-sessions.php
Line: 4
Function: view

File: /home/magnusgroups/public_html/catalysis-conferences.magnusgroup.org/application/controllers/frontend/ScientificSessions.php
Line: 162
Function: view

File: /home/magnusgroups/public_html/catalysis-conferences.magnusgroup.org/application/controllers/frontend/ScientificSessions.php
Line: 48
Function: index

File: /home/magnusgroups/public_html/catalysis-conferences.magnusgroup.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null

Filename: frontend/head.php

Line Number: 92

Backtrace:

File: /home/magnusgroups/public_html/catalysis-conferences.magnusgroup.org/application/views/frontend/head.php
Line: 92
Function: _error_handler

File: /home/magnusgroups/public_html/catalysis-conferences.magnusgroup.org/application/views/frontend/scientific-sessions.php
Line: 4
Function: view

File: /home/magnusgroups/public_html/catalysis-conferences.magnusgroup.org/application/controllers/frontend/ScientificSessions.php
Line: 162
Function: view

File: /home/magnusgroups/public_html/catalysis-conferences.magnusgroup.org/application/controllers/frontend/ScientificSessions.php
Line: 48
Function: index

File: /home/magnusgroups/public_html/catalysis-conferences.magnusgroup.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null

Filename: frontend/head.php

Line Number: 92

Backtrace:

File: /home/magnusgroups/public_html/catalysis-conferences.magnusgroup.org/application/views/frontend/head.php
Line: 92
Function: _error_handler

File: /home/magnusgroups/public_html/catalysis-conferences.magnusgroup.org/application/views/frontend/scientific-sessions.php
Line: 4
Function: view

File: /home/magnusgroups/public_html/catalysis-conferences.magnusgroup.org/application/controllers/frontend/ScientificSessions.php
Line: 162
Function: view

File: /home/magnusgroups/public_html/catalysis-conferences.magnusgroup.org/application/controllers/frontend/ScientificSessions.php
Line: 48
Function: index

File: /home/magnusgroups/public_html/catalysis-conferences.magnusgroup.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

Catalysis for Renewable Sources

A renewable energy source defines the energy that is sustainable - something that cannot run out or is endless, like the sun. When you listen to the term alternative energy it's normally relating to renewable energy sources too. It implies sources of energy that are substitutes to the most generally used non-sustainable sources - like coal.

The most prevalent renewable energy sources currently are:
Solar energy
Wind energy
Hydro energy
Tidal energy
Geothermal energy
Biomass energy

A heterogeneous catalyst works a binary role in the transesterification reaction owing to the advantages of parting and reusability. Lately, heterogeneous catalysts obtained from renewable sources have gotten more attention. The renewable resources defined cover shells, bones, ashes from plant/tree, natural sources, large-scale industrial wastes, etc. considerably, catalysts provided from these materials could make the biodiesel product more sustainable, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective.